Millions of Ghanaians working in mobile and open space businesses are putting in long hours under tough conditions, yet many earn less than GH¢100 a day, according to new data from the Ghana Statistical Service.
Findings from the first-ever Integrated Business Establishment Survey (IBES I) reveal a stark reality behind the country’s vast informal economy: while the sector employs about 992,000 people, a significant portion struggle with low and uneven incomes despite working at least nine hours daily.
Government Statistician Alhassan Iddrisu said the survey shines a light on a previously undercounted workforce—traders operating on roadsides, in traffic, and across communities—many of whom have historically been excluded from official data.
The report highlights sharp income disparities within the sector. While 31 per cent of operators earn GH¢100 or less daily, only 21 per cent make GH¢500 or more, pointing to widening inequality among informal workers.
Women dominate the space, accounting for over two-thirds of mobile business operators and nearly 80 per cent of those in open space businesses. These enterprises are heavily concentrated in urban regions, particularly Greater Accra Region and Ashanti Region, where demand is highest.
Despite challenges such as exposure to harsh weather and limited infrastructure, operators show remarkable resilience. Most work at least six days a week, with nearly half exceeding 49 working hours weekly.
The survey also found that many of these businesses are not short-term ventures. On average, open space enterprises have been operating for about six years, indicating their importance as a long-term livelihood source.
Dr. Iddrisu noted that low start-up capital requirements, proximity to customers, and rapid urbanisation continue to drive growth in the sector. However, he stressed the urgent need for targeted support.
He called on government and city authorities to invest in better market infrastructure—such as shelters, storage facilities, and sanitation—to improve working conditions. Financial institutions were also urged to expand access to microfinance, digital payments, and business training to help operators grow and transition into the formal economy.
The report ultimately underscores a critical paradox: while informal businesses are everywhere and central to daily life, many of the people behind them continue to face economic vulnerability.
